This assessment aims to provide an overview of the current situation of use and needs of energy for Indigenous Tharu women and their communities as well as the potential for local sources for community-based renewable energy and low-carbon energy solutions for them in Gulariya and Madhuwan municipalities in Bardiya district in southwestern Nepal. It has been produced under the project titled “Enabling indigenous Tharu women and their communities for access to low-carbon renewable energy and sustainable agriculture practices in Bardiya” implemented by Tharu Women Upliftment Center (TWUC) in technical partnership with Community Empowerment and Social Justice Network (CEMSOJ) with financial assistance from International Indigenous Women Forum (IIWF or Foro Internacional de Mujeres Indígenas (FIMI)) through its AYNI Fund: The Indigenous Women’s Fund Strategic Program, and the Global Environment Facility/Small Grants Programme (GEF SGP) implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).